Totaled 11/23 Mr F 

Glycolysis

Key things to know: It is a metabolic pathway that converts glucose into two pyruvates (3 carbon molecules). Occurs in the cytoplasm, it's job it to break down sugars to be used in the Krebs Cycle, and it can occur without oxygen.

Outputs: 0 glucose, 4 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 pyruvates

The Main "Players":

ATP (fully charged 3 phos)

Glucose Molecule (energy in the bonds)

ADP (not fully charged 2 phos)

NAD+ (empty taxi cab, electron carrier)

NADH (full taxi cab)

Pyruvates (two 3 carbon molecules)

NO OXYGEN IN GLYCOLOSIS.

• Glycolysis is the process in which one molecule of glucose is broken in half, producing two molecules of pyruvic acid, a 3-carbon compound.
• The cell puts two ATP molecules  in to get glycolysis going, when glycolysis is complete 4 ATP molecules have been produced.
• Glycolysis removes 4 high energy electrons and passes them to electron carrier: NAD
• NAD helps to pass energy from glucose to other cell pathways.
• NADH holds the electrons until they can be transferred to other molecules.
• Advantages of Glycolysis:
  • Very Fast at producing ATP Molecules                                                  
  • Does not require Oxygen                                                                    
• Disadvantages of Glycolysis:
  • Energy production directly from glycolysis is minimal, at only 2 ATP per glucose molecule
• When large amounts of ATP are produced, NAD molecules get filled up, and the cell cannot keep glycolysis going.

Glycolysis is the metabolic process that changes glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆₎  into pyruvate (C₃H₃O₃ ). Pyruvate may also be known as ketone and it supplies energy to living cells in the citric acid cycle. The free energy that is released in this process is used to form the high energy compounds of ATP and NADH.

Glycolysis is a sequence of ten reactions involving ten intermediate compounds. These intermediates provide an entry point to the glycolysis process. For example, most monosaccharides which are like fructose, glucose and galactose which can be converted to an intermediate. The intermediates are used directly by the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids which later forms fat. Glycolysis occurs in aerobic and anaerobic organisms. Aerobic requires energy to produce ATP and anaerobic is a way for an organism to produce usable energy without the involvement of oxygen in respiration. Glycolysis is known as an ancient metabolic pathway. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden-Meyerhof pathway.

Here is picture that illustrates the steps required in glycolysis.

Heres an easier diagram of glycolysis

Glycolysis- first step in releasing the energy of glucose, in which a molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid

Glycolysis captures two pairs of high-energy electrons with the carrier NAD+. Because glycolysis does not require oxygen, it supplies chemical energy to cells when oxygen is not available.

Oxygen + glucose ---> carbon dioxide + water + energy

NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)- electron carrier involved in glycolysis

Here's a short and informational video of the glyolysis process.

The following is a fairly emo-themed, but still informational video on the subject of glycolosis.

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http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/Biology/Bio231/glycolysis.html

^copy and paste this website into URL. 

This is a very easy way to understand the BASICS of glycolysis. it does not go into much details, but it does teach you the general idea of what glycolysis.